The Shadow Pandemic: A Comprehensive Exploration of Domestic Abuse, Its Devastating Impact, and Its Manipulation of the Justice System

Written By Tee

In the United Kingdom, an estimated 2.4 million adults aged 16 years and over experienced domestic abuse in the year ending March 2023. This staggering figure, while shocking, only hints at the true scale of an issue often shrouded in shame, fear, and silence. This is not a private matter; it is a societal one. It is a complex web of power, control, and trauma that demands our understanding and a robust, compassionate response.

This post aims to pull back the curtain on this pervasive issue. We will journey through the multifaceted nature of abuse, far beyond the physical stereotypes. We will bear witness to the profound and lasting impact it has on its primary victims and the children who are forced to grow up in its shadow. We will navigate the labyrinthine world of UK law and legislation designed to protect, yet often manipulated by the very perpetrators it seeks to control. Finally, we will confront the sinister reality of post-separation and litigation abuse, where the family court system itself can be weaponised, turning a place of intended justice into a new battleground for control.

This is a long and difficult read, but it is a necessary one. To combat this shadow pandemic, we must first be willing to step into the darkness and see it for what it truly is.

Part 1: Defining the Indefinable: What is Domestic Abuse?

For decades, the public imagination has confined domestic abuse to a single, brutal image: physical violence. While this is a horrific and undeniable part of the picture, it is merely one brushstroke in a much larger, more insidious masterpiece of control. The landmark Domestic Abuse Act 2021 in the UK provided a statutory definition that finally reflects the reality for millions of survivors.

The Act defines domestic abuse as any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between those aged 16 or over who are, or have been, intimate partners or family members, regardless of gender or sexuality.

The key here is the phrase "pattern of incidents." Abuse is rarely a single, isolated event. It is a campaign of degradation and control. Let's dissect the various forms this campaign can take.

Coercive Control: The Architecture of Abuse

Coercive control is the central pillar of modern domestic abuse understanding. It is not an action, but a strategy. It is a persistent pattern of behaviour which is designed to make a person dependent by isolating them from support, exploiting them, depriving them of independence, and regulating their everyday behaviour. It was made a criminal offence in the UK under the Serious Crime Act 2015.

Coercive control is the invisible cage. It includes:

  • Isolation: Systematically cutting a person off from friends, family, and colleagues. Monitoring their phone calls, reading their emails, forbidding them from leaving the house alone.

  • Micromanagement: Dictating what the victim can wear, what they can eat, when they can sleep. Controlling every aspect of their day-to-day life.

  • Degradation and Humiliation: Persistent name-calling, insults, and criticism designed to erode self-worth. This can happen in private or public.

  • Threats and Intimidation: Making threats to harm the victim, their children, their pets, or themselves. Using intimidating looks, gestures, or smashing objects to create a constant atmosphere of fear.

  • Surveillance: Tracking the victim's movements with GPS devices on their car or phone, monitoring their social media, using smart home devices to listen in on conversations.

Coercive control makes a victim feel like a hostage in their own life. Every decision is fraught with the danger of punishment, making escape seem not only impossible but unthinkable.

Psychological and Emotional Abuse

Closely intertwined with coercive control, psychological abuse is the direct assault on a person's mind and emotional state.

  • Gaslighting: This is a particularly insidious form of manipulation where the abuser makes the victim question their own sanity, memory, or perception of reality. Phrases like "You're crazy," "That never happened," or "You're too sensitive" are common. The abuser will deny events that clearly occurred, leaving the victim confused, anxious, and unable to trust their own judgment.

  • The Silent Treatment: Withholding affection, communication, or even physical presence as a form of punishment, leaving the victim feeling isolated and desperate for reconciliation.

  • Blame-Shifting: Refusing to take responsibility for their own actions and instead blaming the victim for the abuse. "You made me do it," or "If you hadn't been so annoying, I wouldn't have gotten angry."

Physical Abuse

This is the most visible form of abuse and includes any act of violence or physical harm. It can range from pushing, slapping, and punching to choking, burning, and using weapons. It's crucial to understand that physical abuse often escalates over time. It might start with a shove during an argument and slowly intensify, normalising violence within the relationship and increasing the victim's fear and entrapment.

Sexual Abuse and Coercion

Sexual abuse within an intimate relationship is still profoundly misunderstood and underreported. Consent cannot exist in a climate of fear. It includes:

  • Rape and Sexual Assault: Any sexual act to which the victim does not consent, or to which they consent due to fear or intimidation.

  • Sexual Coercion: Pressuring, threatening, or manipulating a partner into sexual acts. This includes making them feel guilty for saying no or threatening to have an affair.

  • Reproductive Coercion: Sabotaging contraception, forcing a partner to become pregnant, or controlling the outcome of a pregnancy.

  • Degradation: Forcing a partner to perform sexual acts they are uncomfortable with or to watch pornography.

Financial or Economic Abuse

This is a powerful tool for control, making it practically impossible for a victim to leave. It creates total dependency. Tactics include:

  • Controlling Finances: Preventing the victim from having their own bank account, demanding their salary be paid into the abuser's account, giving them a restrictive "allowance."

  • Restricting Work: Forbidding the victim from working, sabotaging their job by harassing them at work, or making them miss work.

  • Building Up Debt: Taking out loans or credit cards in the victim's name without their knowledge or permission, ruining their credit rating.

  • Exploiting Resources: Forcing the victim to sell their property or assets and taking the money.

Technological or Digital Abuse

In our hyper-connected world, abuse has found new avenues. This involves using technology to control, harass, and intimidate.

  • Cyberstalking: Relentlessly tracking a person's online activity.

  • Monitoring: Using spyware on phones or computers to read messages and track location.

  • Harassment: Sending abusive and threatening messages via social media, text, or email.

  • Image-Based Abuse ("Revenge Porn"): Sharing or threatening to share intimate photos or videos without consent.

Understanding these varied forms of abuse is the first step. They rarely exist in isolation. More often, they are interwoven, creating a comprehensive system of oppression from which escape is incredibly difficult.

Part 2: The Invisible Wounds: The Profound Effect on Victims

The impact of domestic abuse is a deep, shattering trauma that reconfigures a person's entire being. The scars are not just skin-deep; they are etched into the psyche, the nervous system, and the soul. To understand the victim's journey is to understand a landscape of persistent, complex trauma.

Psychological and Emotional Devastation

This is the core of the injury. The abuser's goal is to break the victim's spirit, and the psychological consequences are severe and long-lasting.

  • Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD): While PTSD can result from a single traumatic event, C-PTSD arises from prolonged, repeated trauma where the victim has little or no chance of escape—the exact conditions of a domestic abuse environment. Symptoms include all those of PTSD (flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety) plus profound difficulties with emotional regulation, consciousness (dissociation), self-perception (feelings of worthlessness and shame), relationships with others, and one's system of meanings (loss of faith or a sense of hopelessness).

  • Anxiety and Depression: Living in a constant state of "fight, flight, or freeze" floods the body with stress hormones. This leads to chronic anxiety, panic attacks, and hypervigilance—a state of being constantly on guard, scanning for threats. The hopelessness and learned helplessness engendered by the abuse are textbook precursors to severe depression.

  • Erosion of Self-Esteem and Identity: The abuser systematically dismantles the victim's sense of self. Through constant criticism, humiliation, and gaslighting, they convince the victim that they are worthless, unlovable, and that the abuse is their fault. Victims often lose touch with who they were before the relationship, their hobbies, their friendships, and their own opinions.

  • Cognitive Dissonance and Trauma Bonding: Victims often hold two conflicting beliefs simultaneously: "I love this person" and "This person is hurting me." This creates immense internal conflict. This is often part of a "trauma bond," a powerful emotional attachment to the abuser, forged through the intense, cyclical pattern of abuse followed by remorse or kindness (the "honeymoon phase"). This bond is often mistaken for love but is actually a survival mechanism.

The Physical Toll

The body keeps the score. The chronic stress and fear of living with an abuser manifest in a host of physical ailments that go far beyond visible injuries.

  • Direct Injuries: These can range from bruises, cuts, and broken bones to internal injuries, traumatic brain injuries from being shaken or hit on the head, and strangulation, which is a major red flag for future homicide.

  • Stress-Related Illnesses: The constant flood of cortisol and adrenaline can wreak havoc on the body. Survivors of domestic abuse have higher rates of chronic pain, fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal disorders (like IBS), cardiovascular problems (high blood pressure, heart attacks), and weakened immune systems.

  • Neurological Impact: Chronic trauma can physically alter the brain. The amygdala (the brain's fear centre) becomes hyperactive, while the prefrontal cortex (responsible for decision-making and emotional regulation) can be impaired. This is not a failure of character; it is a brain injury.

  • Other Health Issues: Sleep disorders, eating disorders, and substance misuse are common coping mechanisms that develop in response to the overwhelming stress and trauma.

Financial and Social Ruin

The abuse creates a ripple effect that devastates every area of a victim's life.

  • Economic Destitution: As discussed, financial abuse can leave a victim with no money, no assets, and significant debt. Upon leaving, they may face homelessness, an inability to support their children, and a ruined credit history that prevents them from securing housing or employment. They are often forced to start from zero with the added burden of trauma.

  • Social Isolation: The abuser's campaign to cut the victim off from their support network is often successful. By the time a victim leaves, they may have lost contact with friends and family who either didn't understand the situation or were pushed away by the abuser. Rebuilding this network is a monumental task when one is already depleted emotionally and financially. This isolation makes recovery significantly harder.

The victim who emerges from an abusive relationship is not the same person who entered it. They are a survivor, but they are also a person grappling with deep, complex wounds that will require immense time, support, and resources to heal.

Part 3: The Law's Shield and Sword: Legislation and Legal Protections in the UK

The legal system is a critical tool for victims seeking safety and justice. The UK has a framework of both civil and criminal laws designed to offer protection, but navigating this system can be daunting, especially for someone who is traumatised and depleted.

The Domestic Abuse Act 2021: A Landmark Shift

This Act represents the most significant overhaul of domestic abuse legislation in years. Its primary achievements include:

  1. Statutory Definition: For the first time, it creates a legal definition of domestic abuse that is broad and inclusive, explicitly recognising coercive control and economic abuse.

  2. Children as Victims: It legally recognises children who see, hear, or experience the effects of domestic abuse as victims in their own right, not just witnesses. This has profound implications for family court proceedings.

  3. Prohibition of Cross-Examination: It prohibits abusers from cross-examining their victims in person in family and civil courts. This ends a cruel practice that was often used to continue the abuse and intimidation within the courtroom itself.

  4. Domestic Abuse Protection Notices (DAPNs) and Orders (DAPOs): These create a new, consolidated civil protection order. A DAPN can be issued by the police to provide immediate protection for a victim following an incident. This can then be followed by a DAPO, a longer-term order made by a court that can impose both prohibitions (e.g., no contact) and positive requirements (e.g., attending a perpetrator programme or substance abuse treatment).

Civil Law: Seeking Protection

The civil courts are often the first port of call for victims, as the burden of proof is lower than in criminal court. Here, a case must be proven on the "balance of probabilities" (i.e., it is more likely than not that the abuse occurred).

  • Non-Molestation Orders: This is an injunction made under the Family Law Act 1996. It prevents an abuser from molesting (intimidating, harassing, pestering, or using violence against) the victim and any relevant children. Breach of a non-molestation order is a criminal offence, making it a powerful tool.

  • Occupation Orders: Also under the Family Law Act 1996, this order regulates who can live in the family home. It can grant the victim the right to remain in the home and exclude the abuser, or define which parts of the home each person can use. These are considered draconian orders and are granted only when the court is satisfied it is necessary for the protection of the victim or child.

Criminal Law: Seeking Justice

The criminal route involves reporting the abuse to the police with the aim of securing a prosecution and conviction. The burden of proof is "beyond a reasonable doubt," a much higher standard.

  • Specific Offences: Many abusive acts are specific crimes, such as assault (Common Assault, Actual Bodily Harm - ABH, Grievous Bodily Harm - GBH), stalking (Protection from Harassment Act 1997), and sexual offences.

  • Controlling or Coercive Behaviour: The Serious Crime Act 2015 created this specific offence, which has been revolutionary. It allows the law to look at the pattern of abuse rather than just single incidents of violence. A prosecutor must show that the behaviour was repeated or continuous, had a "serious effect" on the victim, and that the perpetrator knew or ought to have known it would have a serious effect.

While this legal framework offers a shield, it is not impenetrable. Access to legal aid has been severely cut, leaving many victims unable to afford representation. The court process can be slow, re-traumatising, and, as we will see, ripe for manipulation by a determined abuser.

Part 4: The Epicentre of Conflict: Domestic Abuse and Child Arrangements

When a relationship involving domestic abuse ends and there are children, the conflict often moves from the home to the family court. The battleground shifts to the most precious thing the victim has: their children. This is where the abuser's need for control finds a new, devastating outlet.

The court's guiding principle in all matters concerning children is the Paramountcy Principle, enshrined in Section 1 of the Children Act 1989. This means the child's welfare is the court's paramount consideration. To determine this, the court uses the Welfare Checklist, which includes:

  • The ascertainable wishes and feelings of the child concerned.

  • The child's physical, emotional, and educational needs.

  • The likely effect on the child of any change in their circumstances.

  • The child's age, sex, background, and any other relevant characteristics.

  • Any harm which the child has suffered or is at risk of suffering.

  • The capability of each of the child's parents in meeting their needs.

The "harm" factor is where domestic abuse becomes central. The court has a duty to consider the impact of abuse on the child, both directly and indirectly.

The Presumption of Parental Involvement and Its Rebuttal

The Children and Families Act 2014 introduced a "presumption of parental involvement," meaning the court should presume that the involvement of a parent in a child's life will further the child's welfare. Abusers often cling to this, arguing it gives them a "right" to contact.

However, this is a profound misunderstanding of the law. The presumption is rebutted if there is evidence that the involvement of that parent would put the child at risk of suffering harm. Therefore, evidence of domestic abuse is a direct challenge to this presumption.

Practice Direction 12J: The Court's Rulebook for Domestic Abuse Cases

The court system has a specific set of rules, known as Practice Direction 12J (PD12J), which sets out exactly how judges must handle any case where domestic abuse is alleged or admitted. This is a critical document. It directs the court to:

  • Identify at the earliest opportunity whether domestic abuse is an issue.

  • Recognise that domestic abuse is harmful to children, both directly and indirectly (by witnessing it).

  • Consider the nature of the abuse, the pattern of behaviour, and its impact on the victim and the children.

  • If allegations are disputed, decide whether a fact-finding hearing is necessary to determine what happened. At this hearing, a judge will hear evidence from both parties and make findings on the "balance of probabilities."

  • If abuse is proven, the court must then consider how that impacts the parent's capacity to provide safe and appropriate care, and what the risk is to the child of any future contact.

The court must consider whether contact with an abusive parent is safe and in the child's best interests. This may mean ordering no contact, supervised contact (in a dedicated contact centre), or indirect contact (letters or cards). Unsupervised contact should only be ordered if the court is satisfied that the child and the non-abusive parent will be safe.

In theory, this provides a robust framework. In practice, however, the system is under immense pressure, and a skilled manipulator can exploit its weaknesses to continue their campaign of abuse.

Part 5: Echoes Through Generations: The Long-Lasting Effects on Victims and Children

The end of an abusive relationship is not the end of the story. It is often the beginning of a long, arduous journey of healing. The trauma of the abuse continues to echo not only through the victim's life but through the lives of their children, creating intergenerational patterns of harm.

The Lifelong Journey for Adult Survivors

Leaving is an act of immense courage, but the abuser's voice often remains a ghost in the survivor's mind for years.

  • Chronic Mental and Physical Health Issues: As discussed, C-PTSD, anxiety, and depression can become chronic conditions requiring long-term therapy and management. Similarly, stress-related physical illnesses can persist for a lifetime.

  • Rebuilding a Life from Ruins: Survivors often face monumental practical challenges. They must find safe housing, secure a stable income (often after years out of the workforce), and navigate the benefits and legal systems, all while processing profound trauma.

  • The Challenge of Future Relationships: Learning to trust again is incredibly difficult. Survivors may struggle with intimacy, be hypervigilant for red flags, or be unconsciously drawn to familiar, unhealthy relationship dynamics. They have to re-learn what a healthy, respectful relationship looks and feels like.

  • The Burden of Co-Parenting: If there are children, the survivor is often tethered to their abuser for years through child arrangement orders. This forces them to maintain contact, creating opportunities for ongoing abuse, manipulation, and control. Every handover, every email, every phone call can be a source of intense stress and anxiety.

The Silent Victims: The Impact on Children

The Domestic Abuse Act 2021 was groundbreaking in recognising children as victims. The impact of growing up in a home filled with fear, tension, and violence is catastrophic for a child's development. This experience is a primary example of an Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE), which research has definitively linked to a host of negative outcomes in later life.

  • Emotional and Psychological Scars: Children exposed to domestic abuse are at a significantly higher risk of developing anxiety, depression, and PTSD. They may have difficulty regulating their emotions, leading to aggressive outbursts or extreme withdrawal. Their self-esteem is often shattered, as they may internalise the abuse and believe it is somehow their fault.

  • Behavioural Problems: The trauma can manifest in various ways: bed-wetting, nightmares, regressive behaviours, poor performance at school, difficulty concentrating, and problems with social interaction. They may become bullies themselves or be targeted for bullying.

  • Distorted Understanding of Relationships: A child's primary model for relationships is what they see at home. When this model is based on power, control, and violence, it warps their understanding of love and intimacy. They learn that love is conditional, that violence is a way to solve conflict, and that relationships are about dominance and submission.

  • The Cycle of Abuse: This is perhaps the most tragic long-term consequence. Children who witness domestic abuse are more likely to become victims or perpetrators in their own adult relationships. Boys who see their fathers abuse their mothers are more likely to become abusers themselves. Girls are more likely to enter abusive relationships, as the dynamic feels familiar. This is not inevitable, but the risk is terrifyingly high.

  • Long-Term Health Risks: The ACEs study has shown a direct dose-response relationship between the number of adverse experiences in childhood and the risk of developing serious health problems in adulthood, including heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and substance abuse. The toxic stress of their childhood gets locked into their biology.

The harm done to children is not collateral damage; it is a direct and devastating consequence of the abuse. Protecting the adult victim is inseparable from protecting the child.

Part 6: Weaponising the System: How Abusers Manipulate the Courts

For many survivors, the hope that the family court will bring safety and resolution is cruelly dashed. A perpetrator who is skilled at manipulation does not cease their abuse when the relationship ends; they merely change their tactics and their arena. The family court, with its adversarial nature and complex procedures, can become the perfect new weapon. This is known as post-separation abuse and litigation abuse.

The goal is the same as it always was: power and control. The abuser seeks to punish the victim for leaving, exhaust their resources, and maintain control over them and the children.

Common Tactics of Litigation Abuse

  1. Weaponising Counter-Allegations: This is the most common and effective tactic. The abuser files counter-allegations against the victim, often accusing them of the very behaviours they themselves are guilty of. The most insidious of these is the allegation of "parental alienation." The abuser claims that the victim is deliberately turning the children against them. This is a masterful stroke of manipulation because it reframes the child's genuine fear or reluctance to see the abuser (a natural response to witnessing or experiencing abuse) as a malicious act by the protective parent. It creates a "he said, she said" narrative that can confuse inexperienced judges, who may see it as a simple relationship breakdown rather than a case of abuse.

  2. Systematic Delay and Financial Depletion: The legal process is expensive. Abusers exploit this by filing frivolous applications, refusing to comply with court orders, changing solicitors at the last minute, or failing to submit documents on time. Each of these actions requires a response from the victim's legal team, generating more fees and causing more delays. The goal is to bleed the victim dry financially and emotionally, forcing them to give up, concede to unsafe arrangements, or represent themselves as a litigant in person, putting them at a massive disadvantage.

  3. Presenting a False Persona: Abusers are often masters of impression management. In court, they can appear calm, charming, reasonable, and deeply concerned for their children's welfare. In stark contrast, the victim, who is traumatised, anxious, and terrified, may appear emotional, angry, or "unstable." The abuser uses this to paint the victim as the irrational one, the one causing all the problems. This performance can be incredibly convincing to judges who lack specialist training in the dynamics of coercive control.

  4. Using the Children as Pawns: Abusers will use contact arrangements as a tool of control. They might refuse to return the children on time, make last-minute changes to plans to disrupt the victim's life, or use the handover time as an opportunity for intimidation and verbal abuse. They may also grill the children for information about the victim's new life, further traumatising them.

  5. Exploiting the System's Weaknesses: The adversarial nature of the UK family court pits two sides against each other. This is a system a manipulator can thrive in. They can lie with impunity (as perjury is rarely prosecuted in family court) and make unfounded allegations, knowing that the system forces the victim to spend time and money defending themselves against them. The system's focus on "parental involvement" can also be exploited, with abusers using the language of "children's rights" to mask their own desire for control.

The impact of litigation abuse on a victim is catastrophic. It is a continuation of the psychological torture, but this time it is sanctioned by the very system that is supposed to protect them. They are forced into a prolonged state of anxiety, their financial resources are destroyed, and they live with the constant terror that a court, failing to see the truth, will force their children into unsafe contact with their abuser. It is a profound betrayal of justice.

Part 7: Moving Forward: Pathways to Healing and Systemic Change

Confronting the vast and complex problem of domestic abuse can feel overwhelming, but there is hope. Progress lies in a dual approach: empowering individual survivors on their journey to healing and advocating for systemic changes to better protect them.

For Individuals: Finding a Path to Safety and Recovery

  • Reach Out: The first and most critical step is to break the silence. Contact a national helpline or a local domestic abuse service. These organisations provide confidential advice, emotional support, safety planning, and access to resources like refuges.

  • Prioritise Safety: Work with a support service to create a safety plan, whether you are preparing to leave, in the process of leaving, or have already left. This involves practical steps to protect yourself and your children.

  • Seek Trauma-Informed Therapy: Healing from the psychological wounds of abuse is a long process. Therapies designed specifically for trauma, such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) or trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), can be life-changing.

  • Build a Support Network: Reconnect with trusted friends and family. Join a support group for survivors. Sharing your experience with others who understand can be incredibly validating and empowering.

  • Be Patient with Yourself: Recovery is not linear. There will be good days and bad days. It is essential to practice self-compassion and recognise that healing from such a profound trauma takes time.

For Society and the Justice System: A Call for Systemic Reform

  • Listen to Survivors: All systemic change must begin with the lived experiences of survivors. Their voices must be at the centre of policy-making, judicial training, and service provision.

  • Mandatory, Ongoing Judicial Training: Judges, magistrates, and all court professionals need regular, in-depth training on the nuances of domestic abuse, particularly coercive control, post-separation abuse, and the tactics of litigation abuse. The "charm" of the abuser and the trauma of the victim need to be correctly identified.

  • Fund Specialist Services: Domestic abuse services, including refuges, helplines, and Independent Domestic Violence Advisors (IDVAs), are chronically underfunded. These services are a literal lifeline and require secure, long-term government funding.

  • Hold Perpetrators Accountable: We need a system that not only protects victims but also effectively holds perpetrators to account. This includes better enforcement of protective orders and greater investment in high-quality perpetrator programmes that are focused on behaviour change and victim safety.

  • Reform the Family Court: There is a growing call to move the family court away from a purely adversarial model in cases involving domestic abuse. A more inquisitorial, problem-solving approach, led by a judge who actively investigates the facts, could help to unmask manipulation and better protect children. The system must find a way to identify and penalise litigation abuse itself as a form of abuse.

Conclusion: From Shadow to Light

Domestic abuse is a thief. It steals a person's safety, their identity, their financial security, and their future. It steals a child's innocence and their right to a peaceful childhood. It thrives in silence and misunderstanding, using the walls of our homes and the complex corridors of our justice system to hide its devastating work.

But the shadows recede when light is shone upon them. By understanding the true nature of coercive control, by recognising the deep and lasting trauma it inflicts, by strengthening our laws and adapting our justice system to see through the masks of manipulators, we can begin to turn the tide.

For every survivor, the journey out of the darkness is long and fraught with challenges. But it is a journey towards reclaiming a life that is rightfully theirs—a life free from fear, a life of autonomy, and a life of peace. As a society, we have a collective responsibility to light that path, to support them on their journey, and to work tirelessly to create a world where no one has to live in the shadow of abuse ever again.

UK Support and Resources

If you or someone you know is affected by domestic abuse, please reach out. You are not alone.

In an emergency, always call 999. If you are unable to speak, you can use the Silent Solution system. Call 999 and then press 55 when prompted. This will alert police that you are in a genuine emergency.

Tee https://www.myptee.com
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